Thursday, April 11, 2013

Moa's ark: Why the female giant moa was about twice the size of the male

Apr. 9, 2013 ? Some of the largest female birds in the world were almost twice as big as their male mates. Research carried out by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) shows that this amazing size difference in giant moa was not due to any specific environmental factors, but evolved simply as a result of scaling-up of smaller differences in male and female body size shown by their smaller-bodied ancestors.

The paper is published April 10 in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

In an environment lacking large mammals, New Zealand's giant moa (Dinornis) evolved to be one of the biggest species of bird ever, with females weighing more than two hundred kilograms -- the same as about 3 average sized men.

Male and female birds often show differences in body size, with males typically being larger. However some birds, like many ratites -- large, flightless species such as emus and cassowaries -- are the opposite, with the females towering over the males.

Moa were huge flightless ratites. Several different species inhabited New Zealand's forests, grasslands and mountains until about 700 years ago. However, the first Polynesian settlers became a moa-hunting culture, and rapidly drove all of these species to extinction.

Dr Samuel Turvey, ZSL Senior Research Fellow and lead author on the paper, says: "We compared patterns of body mass within an evolutionary framework for both extinct and living ratites. Females becoming much larger was an odd side-effect of the scaling up of overall body size in moa.

"A lack of large land mammals -- such as elephants, bison and antelope -- allowed New Zealand's birds to grow in size and fill these empty large herbivore niches. Moa evolved to become truly huge, and this accentuated the existing size differences between males and females as the whole animal scaled up in size over time," Dr Turvey added.

Future research should investigate whether similar scaling relationships can also help to explain the evolution of bizarre structures shown by other now-extinct species, such as the elongated canines of sabretoothed cats.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Zoological Society of London, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. V. A. Olson, S. T. Turvey. The evolution of sexual dimorphism in New Zealand giant moa (Dinornis) and other ratites. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2013; 280 (1760): 20130401 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.0401

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_environment/~3/Oe_kFHLVbHU/130409211939.htm

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Wednesday, April 10, 2013

Dot Earth Blog: Can Comment Blitzes Influence Climate Views, or Policy?

Katherine Bagley has filed a thorough, interesting piece for InsideClimate News examining efforts by climate campaigners to build their online presence through more engagement in comments on articles or blog posts on global warming. One weapon in the new push is a Web site that automatically searches for comment opportunities.

The post is ?Climate Hawks Go on Offense Against Skeptics, but Impact Uncertain.?

Here?s one of the most interesting sections, on a new Web site, Reality Drop:

The?Climate Reality Project, a group overseen by Al Gore, is trying to win over public opinion by getting people to spread accurate global warming science in the comment sections of news stories online, where the battle rages with particular ferocity.

For example, a recent CNN article titled ?Global Warming Is Epic, Long-Term Study Says? [link] attracted nearly 12,600 comments. That?s more than 50 times what articles published the same day on technology and environmental health received.

Last month, Gore?s group launched a website that tips off users to climate news and encourages them to saturate readers? comments with scientific facts. For years, skeptics have filled comments with dismissive views of climate science to sow doubts about the consensus that fossil fuels are responsible for global warming?dominating that space, according to the group.

?An algorithm on the site generates a list of articles that have become overrun by skeptics or that contain misinformation. Scientific facts are displayed next to the articles, which people can cut and paste and ?drop? into reader comments or social media accounts.

Since its launch, more than 150,000 people in 160 countries have visited the site?but the jury is still out on whether those who care about global warming will be motivated to participate. To encourage use, the program is set up like a game, with ?players? racking up points for every article they comment on.

I?d say they?ve got their work cut out for them, given the head start they gave to full-time purveyors of climate doubt, led by Watts Up With That and Climate Depot.

But does it matter? I doubt it. The online climate wars ? which seem so momentous to those deeply dug in on various fronts ? are taking place on the sharp end of a needle buried in a haystack of other societal concerns. I posted two slides on Slideshare to make the point:

Bagley touches on a recent study of the ?nasty effect? of ?uncivil? blog commentary on readers of articles about nanotechnology, conducted by a group including Dietram Scheufele of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He laments the heat around global warming and similar topics, telling her, ?These issues are exactly where we need rational discourse, an unbiased exchange of ideas, and the evaluation of facts not colored by us yelling at each other.?

To my eye, the good news in that study ? in which survey subjects were given mock news articles with mock comments that were either combative or civil ? was that the hotter comments mainly tended to further polarize readers who already had strong views on the subject at hand.

Bagley asked my views on this issue and quoted me in the piece, unavoidably in a truncated way. Here?s the full text of my replies to her (with some e-mail shorthand fixed):

My comment section is full of debate every day and, absolutely, posts on climate are like fresh meat dumped on the Serengeti. As you may know I?ve tried various ways to moderate the comments ? literally?.

The rudeness ebbs and builds; sometimes I smack it down by rejecting comments at a heavier pace or yelling like a teacher at unruly students. It really feels like a classroom that way sometimes. Take a random walk through this busy string (272 comments, so just dip in) to get the idea.

As I?ve said here before, it?s important to recognize that the vast majority of blog readers (at least on Dot Earth) never post a comment ? and I?d guess also don?t spend much time sifting them. (Scheufele?s paper doesn?t address this issue.)

Of course that doesn?t mean it?s not worth vetting comments and trying tactics that reward good behavior. One such tool here is ?Your Dot? treatment for constructive, non-anonymous comments that are particularly engaging. (A fascinating comment on my piece on brutal dolphin-killing methods in Taiji, Japan, by Tom White of Redondo Beach, Calif., will get this treatment tomorrow.)

But back to climate. Bagley?s article goes beyond covering blog wars. She also quotes the Drexel University sociologist Robert Brulle, once a frequent presence here, describing a forthcoming study he?s done on the huge cash flow from industry and conservative tycoons in the money wars over climate and similar politicized issues. I?ll be interested to see any analysis of the paper by Matthew Nisbet of American University, who charted the flow from environmental groups.

Please read her entire story and comment, civilly, either there or here.

Source: http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/08/can-comment-blitzes-influence-climate-views-or-policy/?partner=rss&emc=rss

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Population boom poses interconnected challenges of energy, food, water

Apr. 8, 2013 ? Mention great challenges in feeding a soaring world population, and thoughts turn to providing a bare subsistence diet for poverty-stricken people in developing countries. But an expert speaking in New Orleans on April 8 at the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society, the world's largest scientific society, described a parallel and often-overlooked challenge.

"The global population will rise from 7 billion today to almost 9 billion people by 2040," Ganesh Kishore, Ph.D., said at the meeting. "Providing enough food to prevent starvation and famine certainly will be a daunting problem. But we also have to meet the rising expectations of huge numbers of people who will be moving up into the middle class. We will have a New York City-sized population added to the middle class every second month. Their purchasing power is projected to be more than $60 trillion by 2040. Most of this growth will be in Asia. The expanding middle class will demand food that doesn't just fill the belly, but food that's appetizing, safe and nourishing, convenient to prepare and available in unlimited quantities at reasonable prices. Producing food for a middle class that will number more than 5 billion within 30 years will strain existing technology for clean water, sustainable energy and other resources."

Kishore spoke at a symposium, "The Interconnected World of Energy, Food and Water," that focused on approaches to prepare for the population boom. Kishore is a co-organizer of the symposium, along with John Finley, Ph.D., of Louisiana State University and Hessy Taft, Ph.D., of St. John's University.

"We want to foster greater awareness among scientists, the public and policy-makers about the interconnections between these three challenges," said Kishore. "Water, food and energy must be understood together -- it's not just one or the other, so we have speakers addressing all of these topics. And the reason for this interconnection is that we need water to produce both energy and food -- whether it is about harvesting fossil-fuel energy, producing biobased renewable energy or producing food, we need fresh water! In addition, we are competing with other demands for fresh water. It is not just about developing technology -- we have to move the technology from the bench to the real world so that solutions see the light of day, which the industry speakers in the session can address. Regulatory policies have to keep pace with technology development, not just in places where the technology is developed but where the technology is deployed, and that requires science-based risk assessment capability and the creation of consumer confidence in the process."

He described how the addition of one billion people every 12-13 years itself poses challenges that require innovations, rather than simply scaling up existing technologies. And he said that opportunities go hand-in-hand with the challenges.

They include using plant biotechnology and tools of synthetic biology to expand the food supply and providing new sources of energy, developing more efficient ways to convert sunlight into chemical energy and applying information technology to the production of food and chemical energy more efficiently. Kishore cited specific examples of progress being made in those areas. As CEO of the Malaysian Life Sciences Capital Fund, Kishore and colleagues are promoting some of these strategies by investing in companies working in these areas. One company in which they invest, for instance, improves agricultural crops by enhancing plant breeding and genetic technologies. Another is developing ways to transform waste gases into fuels.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by American Chemical Society.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_environment/~3/OLHh-Odg8Nw/130408142632.htm

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Tuesday, April 9, 2013

German imports, exports slump unexpectedly in February

By Sarah Marsh

BERLIN (Reuters) - German imports fell sharply in February for the third time in the last four months and exports also declined, in a sign the euro zone's largest economy cannot be relied on to help lift the currency bloc out of recession.

Data from the Federal Statistics Office on Tuesday showed imports sliding 3.8 percent, undercutting even the lowest estimate in a Reuters poll of economists. The consensus forecast had been for imports to rise 0.5 percent.

Exports, which had been expected to remain unchanged, dropped 1.5 percent, underscoring how weakness in Germany's key European partners is affecting demand for its goods. Exports have fallen in three of the last six months.

"The hope was that German domestic demand would support the economy, not just its own but also that of the rest of the euro zone, and especially crisis countries, via imports," said Christian Schulz at Berenberg Bank.

"But the German economy is not yet playing the role that it could play in terms of European rebalancing," said Schulz. "Domestic demand still seems to suffer from lack of confidence due to certain uncertainties surrounding the euro crisis."

The seasonally-adjusted trade surplus widened to 17.1 billion euros from 15.6 billion in January. The consensus forecast was for it to narrow to 15.0 billion euros.

Germany's economy, long resilient to the euro zone crisis, slowed in 2012 and output shrank by 0.6 percent in the final quarter. But economists expect it to skirt recession and to have returned to weak growth in the first three months of 2013.

The government is predicting an expansion of 0.4 percent this year. German growth is crucial for stimulating the economy of the broader single currency bloc, struggling with a debt crisis and mired in recession.

Recent data have drawn a mixed picture in Germany, with some economists noting that positive sentiment indicators have overshot actual performance.

The "hard" data of backward-looking statistics had appeared to be catching up though. Output rose moderately in February, while orders climbed more than expected and retail sales gained.

Domestic demand is still expected to drive growth this year, helped by a strong labor market, solid wage hikes and favorable financing conditions. Economists said they hoped February's gloomy imports figure was a one-off, and argued it was balanced out by the strong rise in January.

Exports, traditionally the main driver of German growth, are not expected to bolster German gross domestic product (GDP) this year due to austerity measures and recession in the euro zone, where Germany sends 40 percent of shipments.

Economic advisers to the German government said last month it would subtract 0.3 percentage points.

Demand from Asia and other markets is compensating slightly for falling demand among key European trade partners.

A breakdown of Tuesday's unadjusted data showed exports to the euro zone falling 2 percent in January and February compared to the same period last year, while exports to countries outside of Europe rose 1.2 percent.

(Additional reporting by Noah Barkin, Annika Breidthardt and Rene Wagner; Editing by Pravin Char)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/german-imports-exports-slump-unexpectedly-february-070958110--business.html

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Former Mouseketeer Annette Funicello Dead At 70 (VIDEO)

Former Mouseketeer Annette Funicello Dead At 70 (VIDEO)

Did Annette Funicello die? Sadly yesAnnette Funicello, the most popular Mouseketeer on “The Mickey Mouse Club” has died at the age of 70 from complications from multiple sclerosis. The actress, who went on to have a successful career in beach movies and music, died peacefully at Mercy Southwest Hospital in Bakersfield, California. Funicello shocked her fans in 1992 when she ...

Former Mouseketeer Annette Funicello Dead At 70 (VIDEO) Stupid Celebrities Gossip Stupid Celebrities Gossip News

Source: http://stupidcelebrities.net/2013/04/former-mouseketeer-annette-funicello-dead-at-70-video/

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Monday, April 8, 2013

Italy economy minister to discuss new decree with EU Commissioner: source

MANCHESTER, England, April 5 (Reuters) - Manchester City manager Roberto Mancini believes a lack of goals and maverick striker Mario Balotelli's departure to AC Milan in January has harmed the defence of their Premier League crown. Second-placed City are 15 points behind rivals Manchester United, whom they face at Old Trafford on Monday, and Mancini said last week the title race was over. "Mario scored 15 goals last season. This is the difference, the goals we did not score," Mancini told a news conference on Friday. ...

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/italy-economy-minister-discuss-decree-eu-commissioner-source-132602678--business.html

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Sunday, April 7, 2013

Egypt's Sharm el-Sheikh lures tourists with sun, sand and cheap deals

Yasmina Muslemany/ NBC News

Mother and children take a stroll on Sharm El Sheikh's sandy beach.

By Charlene Gubash, Producer, NBC News

SHARM EL-SHEIKH, Egypt ? While Islamists and liberals struggle for Egypt?s post-revolution identity in Cairo, Sharm el-Sheikh, the crown jewel of the country?s Red Sea resort towns, might as well be a world away.

Before the revolution, the Sinai Peninsula was one of Egypt?s biggest tourism draws, but businesses have suffered as tourists have stayed away while the country has been perceived as unstable and unsafe.

That is slowly changing due to alluring vacation packages, offering much cheaper rates than those before the ouster of former President Hosni Mubarak.

Now, sun seekers are slowly returning?to Sharm?s soft sand beaches, where women often sunbathe topless while sipping on icy cocktails.??

Front row beach chairs were hard to come by during a recent holiday weekend with hotels at full occupancy. ?

Cheap ticket to paradise
Flying in, the purplish ridges of the Sinai Mountains give way to sandy beaches and?the shimmering turquoise sea dotted with coral reefs. ?

Sharm was, and remains, a Mecca for divers and snorkelers. It has stunningly colored coral reefs teeming with 1,200 species of marine life, a protected marine park and world renowned dive sites.??

Sharm?s peaceful Naama Bay was a typically international scene over a recent weekend. Friends and families chatted away in Russian, Italian, German, melodic Lebanese Arabic and English as children played in the sea and bikini-clad women strolled along the beach.?

?We were looking for a holiday, not too far away, with guaranteed weather. We have been sitting at the pool and the beach, doing yoga and Pilates, and snorkeling,? said Debby Ramdeo, a Londoner who was sharing a lounge chair with her mother.?

Yasmina Muslemany/NBC News

Hotel recreation staff lead tourists in an aerobics class on Naama Bay beach in the South Sinai resort city of Sharm el-Sheikh.

She and her parents paid $922 each for a 10-day vacation, including airfare, hotel and meals.??

?The weather is fantastic!? smiled Ramdeo. ?In the U.K., it's just 36 degrees Fahrenheit.?

Sarah Binns, a 32-year-old training manager from Brighton, England also came for the sun.?

?It is the closest place we can go at this time of year that is hot,? said Binns, sun bathing next to her friend. ?I was here four years ago and it?s pretty much the same,? she added.?

Binns and her friend Kathleen Gann, a 28-year-old retailer also from the U.K., chose Sharm over Dubai because of the cost and the variety of activities ranging from camel riding to parasailing over the bay. They each paid $900 for one week, including airfare and a Marriott hotel stay with meals included.

Gann, who was on her fourth visit to Sharm, said she felt safe because the U.K. had lifted an earlier advisory against tourism to the South Sinai.??It?s good value for money over Dubai,? she said. ?

One of the few veiled women on the beach, Nadia Hassan, played backgammon with her mother in the shade of an umbrella.?

Hassan, a 36-year-old Jordanian housewife, lives in Cairo. She fled the pollution, pressure and politics of the capital for the beach.??

?It?s relaxing.?Everything in Sharm is good. Everybody is free to look the way they want and act the way they want. People are kind, friendly and welcoming.?

Yasmina Muslemany/NBC News

Trainer gives children an introductory dive lesson in Naama Bay in the Red Sea resort town of Sharm el-Sheikh.

Business improving
At Camel Dive, one of the town?s oldest dive centers and hotels, things are looking up. Marketing manager Clare Mucklow, 40, noted slow but steady improvement.?

?On a peak holiday, we can fill the resort. We haven?t had to change our prices and we are, normally, 60 to 70 percent full,? said Mucklow. ??

?The type of guests has changed.?We still have repeat guests who have gone diving in Sharm before, but we have lost people who are coming to learn diving.? He blamed reports in the European media for driving away first-time visitors.

Mahmoud Bassiouny, the front desk manager at the popular Movenpick Jollie-Ville Resort, said, ?It?s not the same as before [the revolution].? But he added the hotel was running at 80 percent occupancy.

Gangnam style
As night fell on a recent evening, tourists drifted onto the faux cobbled streets of Naama Bay. Small restaurants beckoned at every turn with glassed cases displaying the catch of the day on ice.?

Nightclubs jockeyed for customers with different attractions: men in long white gowns doing poor impressions of the ?Gangnam Style? dance, whirling dervishes twirling to Arabic music and fire dancers juggling flames scarily close to awe-struck patrons. ?

While Egyptians continue to do battle in Cairo over the shape of the country?s future, Sharm, an oasis of fun, acceptance and beauty, carries on.

Related:

Egypt branded more dangerous for tourists than Yemen

Source: http://feeds.nbcnews.com/c/35002/f/653387/s/2a6be9c4/l/0Lworldnews0Bnbcnews0N0C0Inews0C20A130C0A40C0A70C1760A25230Eegypts0Esharm0Eel0Esheikh0Elures0Etourists0Ewith0Esun0Esand0Eand0Echeap0Edeals0Dlite/story01.htm

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SKorea: NKorea may be preparing to test missile

SEOUL, South Korea (AP) ? A top South Korean national security official said Sunday that North Korea may be setting the stage for a missile test or another provocative act with its warning that it soon will be unable to guarantee diplomats' safety in Pyongyang. But he added that the North's clearest objective is to extract concessions from Washington and Seoul.

North Korea's warning last week followed weeks of war threats and other efforts to punish South Korea and the U.S. for ongoing joint military drills, and for their support of U.N. sanctions over Pyongyang's Feb. 12 nuclear test. Many nations are deciding what to do about the notice, which said their diplomats' safety in Pyongyang cannot be guaranteed beginning this Wednesday.

Tensions between Seoul and Pyongyang led South Korea's Joint Chiefs of Staff to announce Sunday that its chairman had put off a visit to Washington. The South Korean defense minister said Thursday that North Korea had moved a missile with "considerable range" to its east coast, possibly to conduct a test launch.

His description suggests that the missile could be the Musudan missile, capable of striking American bases in Guam with its estimated range of up to 4,000 kilometers (2,490 miles).

Citing North Korea's suggestion that diplomats leave the country, South Korean President Park Geun-hye's national security director said Pyongyang may be planning a missile launch or another provocation around Wednesday, according to presidential spokeswoman Kim Haing.

During a meeting with other South Korean officials, the official, Kim Jang-Soo, also said the notice to diplomats and other recent North Korean actions are an attempt to stoke security concerns and to force South Korea and the U.S. to offer a dialogue. Washington and Seoul want North Korea to resume the six-party nuclear talks ? which also include China, Russia and Japan ? that it abandoned in 2009.

The roughly two dozen countries with embassies in North Korea had not yet announced whether they would evacuate their staffs.

British Foreign Secretary William Hague suggested that North Korea's comments about foreign diplomats are "consistent" with a regime that is using the prospect of an external threat to justify its militarization to its people.

"I haven't seen any immediate need to respond to that by moving our diplomats out of there," he told the BBC on Saturday. "We will keep this under close review with our allies, but we shouldn't respond and play to that rhetoric and that presentation of an external threat every time they come out with it."

Germany said its embassy in Pyongyang would stay open for at least the time being.

"The situation there is tense but calm," a German Foreign Office official, who declined to be named in line with department policy, said in an email. "The security and danger of the situation is constantly being evaluated. The different international embassies there are in close touch with each other."

Indonesia's foreign affairs ministry said it was considering a plan to evacuate its diplomats. A statement released by the ministry on Saturday said that its embassy in Pyongyang has been preparing a contingency plan to anticipate the worst-case scenario, and that the Indonesian foreign minister is communicating with the staff there to monitor the situation.

India also said it was monitoring events. "We have been informed about it," said Syed Akbaruddin, spokesman for India's external affairs ministry. "We are in constant touch with our embassy and are monitoring the situation. We will carefully consider all aspects and decide well in time."

Seoul and Washington, which lack diplomatic relations with the North, are taking the threats seriously, though they say they have seen no signs that Pyongyang is preparing for a large-scale attack.

Kim Jang-soo said the North would face "severalfold damages" for any hostilities. Since 2010, when attacks Seoul blames on North Korea killed 50 people, South Korea has vowed to aggressively respond to any future attack.

South Korean Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Gen. Jung Seung-jo had planned to meet with his U.S. counterpart, Gen. Martin Dempsey, in Washington on April 16 for regular talks. But tensions on the Korean Peninsula are so high that Jung cannot take a long trip away from South Korea, so the meeting will be rescheduled, a South Korean Joint Chiefs officer said Sunday. The officer spoke on condition of anonymity, citing office policy.

The U.S. Defense Department has delayed an intercontinental ballistic missile test that had been planned for this week because of concerns the launch could be misinterpreted and exacerbate the Korean crisis, a senior defense official told The Associated Press.

Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel decided to delay the test at an Air Force base in California until sometime next month, the official said Saturday. The official was not authorized to speak publicly about the test delay and requested anonymity.

In recent weeks, the U.S. has followed provocations from North Korea with shows of force connected to the joint exercises with South Korea. It has sent nuclear capable B-2 and B-52 bombers and stealth F-22 fighters to participate in the drills.

In addition, the U.S. said last week that two of the Navy's missile-defense ships were moved closer to the Korean Peninsula, and a land-based missile-defense system is being deployed to the Pacific territory of Guam later this month. The Pentagon last month announced longer-term plans to strengthen its U.S.-based missile defenses.

The U.S. military also is considering deploying an intelligence drone at the Misawa Air Base in northern Japan to step up surveillance of North Korea, a Japanese Defense Ministry official said Sunday.

Three Global Hawk surveillance planes are deployed on Guam and one of them is being considered for deployment in Japan, the official said on condition of anonymity because the official was not authorized to speak about the issue.

North Korea successfully shot a satellite into space in December and conducted its third nuclear test in February. It has threatened to launch a nuclear attack on the United States, though many analysts say the North hasn't achieved the technology to manufacture a miniaturized nuclear warhead that could fit on a long-range missile capable of hitting the U.S.

North Korea also raised tensions Wednesday when it barred South Koreans and supply trucks from entering the Kaesong industrial complex, where South Korean companies have employed thousands of North Korean workers for the past decade.

North Korea is not forcing South Korean managers to leave the factory complex, and nearly 520 of them remained at Kaesong on Sunday. But the entry ban at the park, the last remaining inter-Korean rapprochement project, is posing a serious challenge to many of the more than 120 South Korean firms there because they are running out of raw materials and are short on replacement workers.

Nine more firms, including food and textile companies, have stopped operations at Kaesong, bringing to 13 the total number of companies that have done so, South Korea's Unification Ministry said in a statement Sunday.

North Korea briefly restricted the heavily fortified border crossing at Kaesong in 2009 ? also during South Korea-U.S. drills ? but manufacturers fear the current border shutdown could last longer.

___

AP writers Lolita C. Baldor in Washington, Mari Yamaguchi in Tokyo, Louise Watt in Beijing, Cassandra Vinograd in London, Kirsten Grieshaber in Berlin and Niniek Karmini in Jakarta, Indonesia, contributed to this report.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/skorea-nkorea-may-preparing-test-missile-095436309.html

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PFT: Niners' Davis fires Twitter barb at Schiano

SandersGetty Images

Last year, none of the 42 restricted free agents signed offers sheets with new teams.? This year, none of nearly 40 restricted free agents have signed offer sheets with new teams.

At a certain point, the existence of an informal understanding among NFL teams to lay off each other?s restricted free agents becomes the only reasonable conclusion.? If that?s the case, it?s a clear case of collusion.

Since the uncapped year of 2010, in which restricted free agency dramatically expanded on a one-time basis to include players with four or five years of service, only one RFA has signed an offer sheet with a new team.? That was running back Mike Bell, a restricted free agent with the Saints who signed an offer sheet with the Eagles.

In four years of restricted free agency classes ? four years ? no other player has signed an offer sheet.

Last year?s 0-fer was explained away by the exorbitant contract that former Steelers receiver Mike Wallace wanted.? And, generally, some believe that teams shouldn?t waste their time negotiating a contract that the player?s current team can match.

But with more and more teams having cap trouble and a large cluster of teams having more than $10 million remaining, it?s easier than ever to craft a front-loaded offer sheet that, say, the Giants would have a hard time matching for receiver Victor Cruz (who has a first-round tender), the Ravens would have a hard time matching for tight end Dennis Pitta (who has a second-round tender), and/or the Steelers would have a hard time matching for receiver Emmanuel Sanders (who has a third-round tender).

Coincidentally (or not), the league?s in-house media company reported before the start of free agency that, as to Cruz, ?there is already a ton of interest and plenty of teams just waiting for their opening.?? Since March 12, Cruz has been doing the salsa to the sound of crickets.? Pitta likewise drew ?preliminary interest? from several unnamed teams.

Still, only one RFA ? Sanders ? took a visit, three weeks ago to the Patriots.? And it?s hard not to at least wonder whether the normally ultra-secretive Patriots, who routinely insist on full discretion from players in whom they are interested, allowed the Sanders visit to be reported in order to help create the sense that restricted free agency has not gone the way of the dodo bird.

Regardless of any interest ? real, imagined, or exaggerated ? that teams have in Cruz, Pitta, Sanders, it hasn?t translated into an offer sheet being signed (or, as far as anyone knows, even offered) to a single restricted free agent since Mike Bell in 2010.

With the league recently defending the relative lack of activity in unrestricted free agency by claiming that ?[p]layer signings in 2013 have been characterized by robust spending and intense competition,? there has been no spending and no competition for restricted free agents.

If that?s not the result of collusion, then why is it happening?

Source: http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/04/05/anthony-davis-celebrates-his-contract-by-taking-a-shot-at-schiano/related/

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Thursday, April 4, 2013

Khloe Kardashian and Lamar Odom Charity Scam: Exposed?

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/04/khloe-kardashian-and-lamar-odom-charity-scam-exposed/

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Malaysia PM dissolves Parliament to hold elections

KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia (AP) ? Malaysia's prime minister dissolved Parliament on Wednesday to call for general elections that will pit a coalition that has ruled for nearly 57 years against a resurgent opposition whose pledge to form a cleaner government has resonated with millions of citizens.

The polls are widely expected within a month after Prime Minister Najib Razak said in a nationally televised address that he had obtained royal consent from Malaysia's constitutional monarch to dissolve Parliament immediately.

Najib used his speech to urge more than 13 million eligible voters to give his National Front coalition a strong mandate and to reject opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim's three-party alliance.

"Do not gamble with the fate of our children and grandchildren," Najib said, adding that he planned to travel to "all corners of the country" in the weeks ahead to speak to voters and win their confidence.

The Election Commission is expected to meet within a week to set a polling date and determine when formal campaigning can begin. The National Front's current five-year mandate had been scheduled to end April 30.

At stake are 222 seats in Parliament and control of 12 of Malaysia's 13 states. The National Front won 2008 elections with less than a two-thirds parliamentary majority, its poorest results in more than five decades of uninterrupted rule since independence from Britain in 1957.

Anwar said the opposition People's Alliance was "cautiously optimistic" that it could win federal power, renewing his promise to "ensure a credible, responsible and clean government."

"I believe Malaysians are prepared for change," Anwar said at a news conference. "Unlike in other countries (where) change is through uprising, in our case, it would be translated through the ballot box, God-willing."

Najib marked exactly four years as prime minister Wednesday. He succeeded Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, who was pressured to step down after being blamed for weak leadership that contributed to the National Front's 2008 electoral setback.

Anwar's opposition alliance wrested control of several states five years ago by pledging to curb long-entrenched problems including corruption and racial discrimination in this ethnic Malay Muslim-majority country.

Najib has intensified efforts to win back support with measures such as channeling more funds to the poor and abolishing security laws that were widely considered repressive.

Most analysts believe Najib's coalition will have the upper hand because of its support in predominantly rural constituencies that hold the key to a large number of Parliament's seats.

But Anwar's opposition still has a chance, said Wan Saiful Wan Jan, who heads the Institute for Democracy and Economic Affairs, a Malaysian think tank.

"I don't think (the opposition) will actually win, but the possibility is certainly bigger than before" in 2008, Wan Saiful said. "It will be a make-or-break election for Najib. If Najib doesn't perform better than in 2008, what moral authority does he have to remain in power?"

Senior opposition lawmaker Lim Kit Siang said Najib should allow the opposition fairer access to television and newspaper coverage throughout this month's campaigning. Malaysia's mainstream media, the primary source of information for rural voters, are mostly owned by or linked to political parties in the ruling coalition.

Najib's administration is also likely to benefit from substantial public goodwill after spending hundreds of millions of dollars on financial handouts for students, low-income families and government employees in recent months.

The opposition insists the handouts are an electoral ploy and that the National Front has failed to weed out graft and economic mismanagement.

___

Associated Press writer Eileen Ng contributed to this report.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/malaysia-pm-dissolves-parliament-hold-elections-040248668.html

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Wednesday, April 3, 2013

China Estimated to Dramatically Underreport Its Overseas Fishing Catch

fishing OVERKILL?: Local fishermen in West Africa are struggling with reduced catches. Image: Godong/Robert Harding World Imagery/Corbis

It is a whopper of a catch, in more ways than one: China is under-reporting its overseas fishing catch by more than an order of magnitude, according to a study published on 23 March. The problem is particularly acute in the rich fisheries of West Africa, where a lack of transparency in reporting is threatening efforts to evaluate the ecological health of the waters.

?We can?t assess the state of the oceans without knowing what?s being taken out of them,? says Daniel Pauly, a fisheries scientist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, who led the study. The unreported catch is crippling the artisanal fisheries that help to feed West African populations, he says.

Fisheries experts have long suspected that the catches reported by China to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in Rome are too low. From 2000 to 2011, the country reported an average overseas catch of 368,000 tons a year. Yet China claims to have the world?s biggest distant-water fishing fleet, implying a much larger haul, says the study, which was funded by the European Union (EU). Pauly and his colleagues estimate that the average catch for 2000?11 was in fact 4.6?million tons a year, more than 12 times the reported figure (see ?A colossal catch?). Of that total, 2.9 million tons a year came from West Africa, one of the world?s most productive fishing grounds.

Liu Xiaobing, director of the division of international cooperation of China?s bureau of fisheries, put the yearly overseas catch at 1.15?million tons in a speech to the EU last June. Pauly says that figure would be accurate if it referred to the amount brought back to China, rather than the total catch. Liu did not respond to an e-mailed request for comment.

china's overseas fishing graph Image: Courtesy of PEW Charitable trusts

Fisheries scientists find the latest assessment startling. ?So that?s where my fish were going!? says Didier Gascuel at the European University of Brittany in Rennes, France, who is a member of the scientific committee that advises Mauritania and the EU on fishing agreements. Year after year, Mauritanian populations of bottom-dwelling species such as octopus, grouper and sea bream have remained stubbornly low ? a sign of over?fishing by bottom-scraping trawlers, he says. ?We had no idea the Chinese catch was so big and of course we never included it our models,? he says.

Fishing contracts between Chinese companies and African nations are secret, so to estimate the catch, Pauly and his team had to do some sleuthing. The picture was further clouded because Chinese companies sometimes operate vessels flying local flags. So at least ten researchers combined clues from field interviews, scholarly articles and newspaper and online reports in 14 languages to estimate how many Chinese fishing vessels were operating in 93 countries and territories. They found many in nations where China reported no catch. The estimates were averaged to reach their conclusion: China had at least 900 ocean-going vessels, with 345 in West Africa, including 256?bottom-trawlers.

The scientists estimated the catch per country on the basis of an assumed average catch for each type of vessel. ?These numbers may not be absolutely exact, but they give the first hint of the magnitude of the problem,? says Boris Worm, a marine ecologist at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada, who was not involved in the study.

Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=0960fc2bc6b514db296003d196639053

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Tuesday, April 2, 2013

The Louis Berger Group to Help Establish the Erbil Stock Exchange in Iraq?s Kurdistan Region

The Louis Berger Group, Inc. (Louis Berger) will help the Kurdistan Regional Government start up the Erbil Stock Exchange (ESX) in Iraq?s Kurdistan region, a joint endeavor of the Iraqi government and private sector to build a modern securities market.

Morristown, NJ (PRWEB) April 01, 2013

The Louis Berger Group, Inc. (Louis Berger) will help the Kurdistan Regional Government start up the Erbil Stock Exchange (ESX) in Iraq?s Kurdistan region, a joint endeavor of the Iraqi government and private sector to build a modern securities market.

?The launch of the ESX initiative is yet another testimony of the commitment of the people of our region to not only showcase the positive developments in Kurdistan, but to also position the region as the gateway to Iraq and its growth-oriented companies,? said Abdullah A. Abdul Rahem (Abo Bangin), chairman of the ESX, at the recent contract signing ceremony.

Louis Berger will provide technical assistance toward the establishment of the ESX. Key tasks will include developing and implementing a business plan; recruiting and training exchange staff; and selecting and installing trading, clearance and settlement systems infrastructure. Louis Berger will work closely with the region?s senior ministers, including the prime minister?s office, as well as prominent community businesses, financial institutions, investors and other stakeholders.

?This high-profile initiative is an example of the diversity of our company?s work. The project presents an opportunity to help reshape a region?s financial and economic system through developing modern financial market infrastructure that boosts development,? said Charles Bell, Louis Berger?s Integrated Development group vice president. ?The ESX will open a new frontier of financing to growth-oriented companies, while generating new opportunities for investors to start or diversify their securities investments.?

Work on the ESX will begin in April. Louis Berger?s technical team has worked on other stock exchanges and recently completed an effort to strengthen the Iraqi financial sector under the USAID-funded Tijara program, a five-year initiative to promote private sector growth and employment in Iraq.

About The Louis Berger Group, Inc.


The Louis Berger Group, Inc. is an internationally recognized consulting firm that provides architecture, engineering, program and construction management, disaster response/recovery, environmental planning and science and economic development services. We are a trusted partner to federal, state and local government agencies; multilateral institutions and commercial industry. To this diverse client base, we bring strategic vision and an entrepreneurial spirit, developing innovative solutions to some of the world?s most challenging problems. With a resource base of more than 6,000 professionals and affiliate employees in more than 50 countries, we are able to respond to local conditions while providing clients with the technical resources and rapid response capabilities of a leading global organization.

Regine de la Cruz
The Louis Berger Group
(202) 303-2791
Email Information

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/louis-berger-group-help-establish-erbil-stock-exchange-170213496.html

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Extreme algal blooms: The new normal?

Apr. 1, 2013 ? A research team, led by Carnegie's Anna Michalak, has determined that the 2011 record-breaking algal bloom in Lake Erie was triggered by long-term agricultural practices coupled with extreme precipitation, followed by weak lake circulation and warm temperatures. The team also predicts that, unless agricultural policies change, the lake will continue to experience extreme blooms.

The research is published in the online early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the week of April 1, 2013.

"The perfect storm of weather events and agricultural practices that occurred in 2011 is unfortunately consistent with ongoing trends, which means that more huge algal blooms can be expected in the future unless a scientifically guided management plan is implemented for the region," remarked Michalak.

Fresh water algal blooms can result when excessive amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen are added to the water, typically as runoff from fertilized agriculture. These excess nutrients encourage unusual growth of algae and aquatic plants. When the plants and algae die, the decomposers that feed on them use up oxygen, which can drop to levels too low for aquatic life to thrive. In the beginning, the Lake Erie algae were almost entirely Microcytsis, an organism that produces a liver toxin and can cause skin irritation.

The scientists combined sampling and satellite-based observations of the lake with computer simulations. The bloom began in the western region in mid-July and covered an area of 230 square miles (600 km2). At its peak in October, the bloom had expanded to over 1930 square miles (5000 km2). Its peak intensity was over 3 times greater than any other bloom on record.

The researchers looked at numerous factors that could have contributed to the bloom including land use, agricultural practices, runoff, wind, temperature, precipitation, and circulation.

The use of three agricultural nutrient management practices in the area can lead to increased nutrient runoff: autumn fertilization, broadcast fertilization, and reduced tillage. These practices have increased in the region over the last decade.

Conditions in the fall of 2010 were ideal for harvesting and preparing the fields, increasing fertilizer application for the spring planting. A series of strong storms the following spring caused large amounts of phosphorus to run off into the lake. In May alone rainfall was over 6.5 inches (170 mm), a level more than 75% above the prior 20-year average for the month. This onslaught resulted in among the largest observed spring phosphorus loads since 1975, when intensive monitoring began.

Lake Erie was not unusually calm and warm before the bloom. But after the bloom began, warmer water and weaker currents encouraged a more productive bloom than in prior years. The longer period of weak circulation and warmer temperatures helped incubate the bloom and allowed the Microcytsis to remain near the top of the water column. That had the added effect of preventing the nutrients from being flushed out of the system.

The researchers' data did not support the idea that land-use and crop choices contributed to the increase in nutrient run-off that fueled the bloom.

To determine the likelihood of future mega-blooms, the scientists analyzed climate model simulations under both past and future climate conditions. They found that severe storms become more likely in the future, with a 50% increase in the frequency of precipitation events of.80 inch (20 mm) or more of rain. Stronger storms, with greater than 1.2 inch (30 mm) of rain, could be twice as frequent.

The authors believe that future calm conditions with weak lake circulation after bloom onset is also likely to continue since current trends show decreasing wind speeds across the U.S. This would result in longer lasting blooms and decreased mixing in the water column.

"Although future strong storms may be part of the new normal," remarked Michalak. "Better management practices could be implemented to provide some relief to the problem."

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Water Sustainability and Climate program under Grant No. 1039043, Extreme events impacts on water quality in the Great Lakes: Prediction and management of nutrient loading in a changing climate, see: http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/nsfclimate. Additional support for some of the co-authors was provided by NSF grant 0927643, the NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research grant NA07OAR432000, and Lake Erie Protection Fund #SG 406-2011.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Carnegie Institution.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Anna M. Michalak, Eric J. Anderson, Dmitry Beletsky, Steven Boland, Nathan S. Bosch, Thomas B. Bridgeman, Justin D. Chaffin, Kyunghwa Cho, Rem Confesor, Irem Dalo?lu, Joseph V. DePinto, Mary Anne Evans, Gary L. Fahnenstiel, Lingli He, Jeff C. Ho, Liza Jenkins, Thomas H. Johengen, Kevin C. Kuo, Elizabeth LaPorte, Xiaojian Liu, Michael R. McWilliams, Michael R. Moore, Derek J. Posselt, R. Peter Richards, Donald Scavia, Allison L. Steiner, Ed Verhamme, David M. Wright, and Melissa A. Zagorski. Record-setting algal bloom in Lake Erie caused by agricultural and meteorological trends consistent with expected future conditions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216006110

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/ijhxPzVOmDY/130401151026.htm

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Quantum dot commands light: A solid state ultrafast logic gate on a photon

Apr. 1, 2013 ? If you could peek at the inner workings of a computer processor you would see billions of transistors switching back and forth between two states. In optical communications, information from the switches can be encoded onto light, which then travels long distances through glass fiber. Researchers at the Joint Quantum Institute and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering are working to harness the quantum nature of light and semiconductors to expand the capabilities of computers in remarkable ways.

All computers, even the future quantum versions, use logic operations or "gates," which are the fundamental building blocks of computational processes. JQI scientists, led by Professor Edo Waks, have performed an ultrafast logic gate on a photon, using a semiconductor quantum dot. This research is described in the March 31 Advance Online Publication of Nature Photonics.

Photons are a proven transit system for information. In quantum devices, they are the ideal information carriers that relay messages between quantum bits (qubits) such as neutral atoms, ion traps, superconducting circuits, nitrogen vacancy centers, and of course the device used here: quantum dots. A quantum dot (QD) is a semiconductor structure that acts like an atom. This means it has allowed energy levels that can be populated and even shifted around using lasers and magnetic fields. Quantum dots are an attractive platform for quantum processing because they live inside a semiconductor material, thus the technology for integration with modern electronics already exists.

The Waks team has implemented a conditional logic gate called a Controlled-NOT (CNOT). Here's how a generic CNOT gate works: if a control qubit is in what we will call state 1, then the gate flips the state of a second qubit. If the control qubit is in state 0, nothing happens.

Waks explains the importance of this gate, "Although this logic operation sounds simple, the CNOT gate has the important property that it is universal, which means that all computational algorithms can be performed using only this simple operation. This powerful gate can thus be seen as important step towards implementing any quantum information protocol."

In this experiment, a quantum dot plays the role of the control qubit. The second qubit is a photon that has two polarization states. Polarization can be thought of as an orientation of the traveling light waves. For instance, polarized sunglasses can shield your eyes from light having certain orientations. Here, photons can be oriented horizontally or vertically with respect to a defined direction. Just like energy levels for a quantum dot constitute a qubit, the two available polarizations make up a photonic qubit.

Light is injected into a photonic crystal cavity containing a quantum dot. Quantum dots have been trapped in photonic crystals before, but the difference here is an added large external magnetic field. The magnetic field shifts around the energy levels of the quantum dot enabling it to simultaneously act as both a stable qubit and a highly efficient photon absorber. Due to the unique energy level structure of the system, changing the qubit state of the quantum dot can render it completely invisible to the light.

This property makes the CNOT gate possible. Light trapped in a cavity that does not see a QD (QD in qubit state 1) will eventually leak out, with its polarization flipped. However, if the quantum dot is in qubit state 0, the light is strongly modified such that incoming and outgoing polarizations actually remain the same. In this case the photonic qubit is not flipped.

A sensitive camera collects a fraction of the light that leaks back out of the cavity after its polarization is analyzed using special optics. Thus, the team can see if a photon's polarization was flipped by the QD. The state of the QD qubit is not random: the team controls it. Another key feature of this protocol is that the photons are from an external laser and are not intrinsically connected to the QD through absorption/emission processes.

"Using an external photon source has an advantage that the quantum dot state is not destroyed during the process. Currently, we use a strongly attenuated laser as the photon source, but eventually this can be replaced with true single photon sources," says lead author Dr. Hyochul Kim.

This quantum dot-photon gate happens in a flash--picosecond or 1/ trillionth of a second. Ultrafast gates are important when increasing the number of qubits and operations so that a calculation completes before the system's quantum behavior is lost. (This is called decoherence--scientists can shield the qubit from the disruptive environment but every so often something sneaks in and destroys the quantum states.)

The team's proof-of-principle gate demonstration paves the way for the next generation of devices that will improve light collection and QD qubit coherence times. "To improve coherence time, we need to trap the electron or hole in the quantum dot and use their spin as a qubit. This is more challenging, and we are currently working on this," Kim says.

Additionally, they will use truly single photons as the light source. "Quantum dots are also excellent single photon sources. We consider such a system where single photons are periodically emitted from the neighbor quantum dot, which are then connected to logic devices on the same semiconductor chip," adds Kim.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland. The original article was written by E. Edwards.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Hyochul Kim, Ranojoy Bose, Thomas C. Shen, Glenn S. Solomon, Edo Waks. A quantum logic gate between a solid-state quantum bit and a photon. Nature Photonics, 2013; DOI: 10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.48

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/matter_energy/technology/~3/eKqv2714u_A/130401092650.htm

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